Seven Visual PRINCIPLES

Line hatch mark made on the image surface		Joseph Stella, Old Brooklyn Bridge		Suzuki Harunobu, Woman Admiring Plum Blossoms at Night, 1764-1770
Shape two dimensions, enclosed area, defined by line, color, value, texture, space or form		Jacob Lawrence, Tombstones, 1942		Picasso, Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon, 1907
Form appears as three dimensional, represents volume,		Cornelis Gijbrechts, Trompe L'oeil, 1675		Raphael, Madonna of the Chair, 1514
Value changes in base color (light, medium, dark areas); highlights, mid-tones, and shadows can appear as different intensities of the same color		Vermeer, The Geographer, 1668		Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1598-99
Texture tactile quality of a surface; what it appears to feel like (actual, simulated, invented)		Hans Holbein, Sir Thomas More, 1527		Francois Gerard, Napoleon in His Coronation Robes
Color brain response to different wavelengths of light; three parts: hue (color name), intensity (strength or purity), and value (lightness and darkness)		Robert Motherwell, The Little Spanish Prison, 1941		Wassily Kandinsky, Autumn Landscape with Boats, 1908
Space creation of visual perspective, illusion of depth; apparent distance around, between, above and within an object or group of objects		Raphael, School of Athens, 1509		Vittore Carpaccio, Saint Augustine in His Study, 1502

Seven ELEMENTS of Art

Balance arrangement of elements to create a sense of visual stability		DaVinci, Symmetry of Man, 1492		Roger van der Weyden, Deposition, 1430s
Focal Point area of interest that receives the most viewer attention; combination of elements directs viewer to this portion of the image		Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, 1508-1512		Boris Kustodiev, Bolshevik, 1920
Gradation transitions between elements		Jan Van Eyk, Arnolfini Wedding, 1434		Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942
Movement how the viewers eye moves through a piece; artist may use action, perspective		Caravaggio, The Taking of Christ,		Henri Matisse, The Dance, 1910
Proportion elements are combined to create size relationships		Mantegna, Dead Christ, 1500		Michelangelo, Pieta, 1499
Rhythm repeated elements create visual tempo, creates visual unity		Artist Unknown Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)		Degas, Dancers in Blue, 1899
Variety contrasting elements are combined to create visual interest; relationship between figures and background		Monet, Impression Sunrise, 1873		Leonard DaVinci, Mona Lisa, 1505-1514